Abstract
Smart building technology incorporates efficient and automated controls and applications that use smart energy products, networked sensors, and data analytics software to monitor environmental data and occupants’ energy consumption habits to improve buildings’ operation and energy performance. Smart technologies and controls are becoming increasingly important not only in research and development (R&D) but also in industrial and commercial domains, leading to a steady growth in their application in the building sector. This study examines the literature on SBEMS published between 2010 and 2020 with a systematic approach. It examines the trend with the annual number of the published studies before exploring the classification of publications in terms of factors such as domain of SBEMS, control approaches, smart technologies, and quality attributes. Recent developments around the smart building energy management systems (SBEMS) have focused on features that provide occupants with an interface to monitor, schedule, and modify building energy consumption profiles and allow a utility to participate in a communication grid through demand response programs and automatic self-report outage functionality. The study also explores future research avenues, especially in terms of improvements in privacy and security, and interoperability. It is also suggested that the smart building technologies’ smartness can be improved with the help of solutions such as real-time data monitoring and machine learning
Highlights
A recent investigation [6] shows that the share of building energy consumption has slightly declined over the past decade
This study reviewed smart building energy management system (SBEMS) literature covering different types of smart technologiessuch as smart HVAC systems, smart lighting, smart plug loads, smart window systems, smart energy optimization system, human operation, and distributed energy resources
The analysis showed that 43% of the literature was focused on the implementation of SBEMS algorithms, while the remaining 57% dealt with other areas such as architecture, framework, and models or platforms
Summary
Global warming is widely deemed to be the biggest threat facing mankind [1,2]. Despite the Paris Agreement, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns that the world is well short of making due progress towards limiting the rise of temperature to within 1.5 ◦ C. The building sector has to play an essential role in this respect. It accounts for over one-third of energy consumption, 30% of greenhouse gas emissions, and around 40% of natural resources [3–5]. A recent investigation [6] shows that the share of building energy consumption has slightly declined over the past decade. The use of energy-intensive appliances such as heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC), refrigeration, cooking, and other miscellaneous loads in the building sector is steadily growing
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