Abstract
BackgroundLysine succinylation, an important protein posttranslational modification (PTM), is widespread and conservative. The regulatory functions of succinylation in leaf color has been reported. The chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus are composed of normal green parts and albino white parts. However, the extent and function of lysine succinylation in chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus has yet to be investigated.ResultsCompared to the green (Gr) parts, the global succinylation level was increased in the white (Wh) parts of chimeric leaves according to the Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis. Furthermore, we quantitated the change in the succinylation profiles between the Wh and Gr parts of chimeric leaves using label-free LFQ intensity. In total, 855 succinylated sites in 335 proteins were identified, and 593 succinylated sites in 237 proteins were quantified. Compared to the Gr parts, 232 (61.1%) sites in 128 proteins were quantified as upregulated targets, and 148 (38.9%) sites in 70 proteins were quantified as downregulated targets in the Wh parts of chimeric leaves using a 1.5-fold threshold (P < 0.05). These proteins with altered succinylation level were mainly involved in crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis, photorespiration, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (CAC) and pyruvate metabolism.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the changed succinylation level in proteins might function in the main energy metabolism pathways—photosynthesis and respiration. Succinylation might provide a significant effect in the growth of chimeric leaves and the relationship between the Wh and Gr parts of chimeric leaves. This study not only provided a basis for further characterization on the function of succinylated proteins in chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. bracteatus but also provided a new insight into molecular breeding for leaf color chimera.
Highlights
Lysine succinylation, an important protein posttranslational modification (PTM), is widespread and conservative
Compared to Gr parts, the global succinylation level increased in the Wh parts of chimeric leaves according to the Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis
We quantitated the change in the succinylation profiles between the Wh parts and Gr parts of chimeric leaves using label-free Label-free quantification (LFQ) intensity
Summary
An important protein posttranslational modification (PTM), is widespread and conservative. Bracteatus are composed of normal green parts and albino white parts. The extent and function of lysine succinylation in chimeric leaves of Ananas comosus var. PTMs regulate protein activities and conformations by adding new functional groups to amino acid residue. Succinyl group changes the charge on the modified residues from + 1 to − 1, and the charge changes were higher than charge changes (+ 1 to 0) which is due to acetylation [4]. This will result in greater changes in structure and function of succinylated protein. Lysine succinylation has been studied in diverse organisms and tissues [7, 8], and succinylated proteins are abundant in mitochondrial metabolism, including the CAC, amino acid degradation and fatty acid metabolism [9]
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