Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapy has been applied to a wide range of diseases with excessive immune response, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), owing to its powerful immunosuppression and its ability to repair tissue lesions. Different sources of MSCs show different therapeutic properties. Engineering managements are able to enhance the immunomodulation function and the survival of MSCs involved in IBD. The therapeutic mechanism of MSCs in IBD mainly focuses on cell-to-cell contact and paracrine actions. One of the promising therapeutic options for IBD can focus on exosomes of MSCs. MSCs hold promise for the treatment of IBD-associated colorectal cancer because of their tumor-homing function and chronic inflammation inhibition. Encouraging results have been obtained from clinical trials in IBD and potential challenges caused by MSCs therapy are getting solved. This review can assist investigators better to understand the research progress for enhancing the efficacy of MSCs therapy involved in IBD and CAC.
Highlights
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of intestinal mucosal inflammation in the colon and small intestine
Outcome 34 (72.7%) of patients achieved the clinical and morphological indices of inflammatory activity↓. 50% of patients treated with ADMSCs achieved combined remission. 69.2% of patients achieved the number of draining fistulas↓
The therapy of Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been gradually matured in the animal model stage for the treatment of enteritis
Summary
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a type of intestinal mucosal inflammation in the colon and small intestine. IBD typically includes Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The pathogenesis of IBD is complex; scholars have indicated that hereditary and environmental factors elicit intestinal immune system disorders and mucosal damage. The protracted course of colitis can trigger chronic enteritis and eventually induce colon cancer such as colitis-associated cancer (CAC) stimulated by external oncogenic factors [1, 2]. Patients with chronic colitis exhibited a 2- to 8-fold risk of carcinogenesis compared with others without [3]. The majority of patients underwent cancer lesion removal through surgical resection, and this treatment was typically supplemented by chemotherapy and radiotherapy [8]
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