Syphilis and advancements in its treatment

Abstract

Syphilis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. Pallidum and its subspecies is a spirochete microaerophilic virus that sensitive to oxygen and temperature. T. pallidum is responsible for causing syphilis through sexual exposure and vertical transmission from pregnant women to their fetuses. The invasiveness and immunoevasiveness of syphilis is caused by its lack of outer membrane immune targets and with fewer surface transmembrane protein. These features explain why syphilis causes millions of people suffered from this disease and the incidence is still increasing. For the four stages of syphilis, there are different symptoms and courses of treatment approach should be taken. The administration of penicillin has reached a level of maturity and clarity in its therapeutic application. An alternative way of treatment involves the utilization of DNA vaccine. The more refined DNA vaccine technic suggests potential utility of the DNA vaccine in T.pallidum treatment. Furthermore, this review explores the current study on vaccine mRNA which holds substantial promise as a valuable avenue for syphilis treatment. T.pallidum, syphilis, transmission .