Abstract
Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites with diverse biological and potential therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, among others. However, their extraction from the native plants is not enough to satisfy the increasing demand for this type of compounds. The development of microbial cell factories to effectively produce polyphenols may represent the most attractive solution to overcome this limitation and produce high amounts of these bioactive molecules. With the advances in the synthetic biology field, the development of efficient microbial cell factories has become easier, largely due to the development of the molecular biology techniques and by the identification of novel isoenzymes in plants or simpler organisms to construct the heterologous pathways. Furthermore, efforts have been made to make the process more profitable through improvements in the host chassis. In this review, advances in the production of polyphenols by genetically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae as well as by synthetic biology and metabolic engineering approaches to improve the production of these compounds at industrial settings are discussed.
Highlights
Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites with diverse biological and potential therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer, among others
The secondary metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways that lead to the compounds that are not involved in the processes of growth, development and reproduction [1]
The of rosmarinic acid and salvionic acid were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical antioxidant activity of rosmarinic acid and salvionic acid were determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1scavenging by Zhang et al [15] and these two polyphenols were classified as strong antioxidant picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging by Zhang et al [15] and these two polyphenols were classified as molecules
Summary
The secondary metabolism refers to the metabolic pathways that lead to the compounds that are not involved in the processes of growth, development and reproduction [1]. Plants produce diverse secondary metabolites including phenolics, terpenes and steroids, and alkaloids that are stored in specific organelles at low concentrations [2]. These compounds are responsible for the plant adaptation against biotic and abiotic stresses and have a wide range of applications as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and fine chemistry, among others [2,3]. Phenolics are a large group of plant secondary metabolites characterized by containing at least one hydroxylated aromatic ring This group includes the hydroxycinnamic acids, such as p-coumaric acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid. These compounds are the precursors of complex polyphenolic molecules whose expected market value is USD 2.26 billion by 2027 [4].
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