Abstract
In this study, the cation exchange capacity (CEC); phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC); and chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) based zeolite (EMRZ) were systematically investigated during the synthesis process. By varying synthesis conditions, different zeolites with different purity were generated, and it was proven that a lower Si/Al ratio, relatively higher temperature, and relatively longer time favored the synthesis of zeolite. Besides, the decrease in Si/Al ratio and variation within a narrow range contributed to the forming of Al rich zeolite. Meanwhile, the discrepancy of CEC and PIC of EMRZ contributed to the case in which various elements in EMRZ do have an impact on CEC (Na2O element and type of zeolite) and PIC (calcium and iron components). Moreover, the synthesis conditions were optimized and evaluated in terms of their CEC, specific surface area (SSA), and crystallinity. According to the analyses using XRD, FE-SEM, and XRF and the SSA analysis, the EMRZ (mainly zeolite A, LTA) synthesized under the optimum conditions (initial Si/Al ratio of 1.5, at 100°C, for 1.5 h) was found to be mainly composed of highly ordered cubic zeolites A crystals with a Si/Al ratio of 1.02 and a CEC of 3.45 meq/g.
Highlights
By 2012, China’s electrolytic manganese production capacity has exceeded 2.11 million tons per year, which takes up 98% of global annual output
Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of EMRZ was evaluated based on the study of Zhang et al [12] and the cation exchange capacity (CEC) were determined and represented as meq per gram of solids. e phosphate immobilization capacity (PIC) value was determined according to the study of Wu et al [13] and denoted as milligram per gram of solids
EMRZ, which can be used to treat polluted water for purification, was successfully produced. e CEC; PIC; and chemical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of the synthesized EMRZ were systematically investigated under various experimental conditions. e result proves that the experimental parameters including initial Si/Al ratio, reaction temperature, and reaction time are crucial for the type and chemical composition of zeolite generated
Summary
By 2012, China’s electrolytic manganese production capacity has exceeded 2.11 million tons per year, which takes up 98% of global annual output. Rough the recent studies, it came to our research group’s knowledge that Si and Al in EMR can be used for the synthesis of EMRZ (EMR based zeolite). Owing to their large specific surface area (SSA) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), zeolites are well accepted as useful adsorption materials. Zeolite with lower Si/Al ratio shows higher CEC and adsorption capacity due to the presence of exchangeable cations. E objective of the existing study was to understand the synthesis process and to lay out more information on improving the quality of EMRZ with regard to contaminant removal. To better understand the influence of synthesis conditions, the factors of the mineralogical composition, chemical composition, CEC (cation exchange capacity), PIC (phosphate immobilization capacity), and morphology in the conversion of EMR to EMRZ under different synthesis conditions were investigated
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