Abstract
Vanadium-doped tin oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by a hydrolysis and co-precipitation method from vanadium(III) acetylacetonate and tin tetrachloride. Addition of vanadium species into the tin oxide matrix resulted in a decrease in the grain size, as indicated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopy. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed an interaction between tin and vanadium atoms in the mixed oxide structure and the presence of oxygen vacancies and vanadium cations with multiple oxidation states in the surface region. The binary solid solution exhibited a higher sensitivity to CO gas than pure tin oxide, after both were evaluated in a semiconductor gas sensor. Results demonstrate the feasibility of vanadium dopant for use to enhance sensor response.
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