Abstract
Iron-doped vanadium–tin oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by a hydrolysis and co-precipitation method from iron(II) acetate, vanadium(III) acetylacetonate and tin tetrachloride. The mixed oxide was characterized as a tetragonal cassiterite structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed an electronic interaction between tin, vanadium and iron atoms in the oxide structure. Addition of iron species into the vanadium–tin oxide led to a decrease in the crystallite size and changes in the oxidation states of vanadium and iron cations in the surface region. Based on sensitivity measurements in a semiconductor CO gas sensor, the iron doping resulted in a shift of the maximum sensitivity toward the lower temperature side. A correlation between the surface state and sensor performance is proposed.
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