Synthesis of the Cationic Gallium Phthalocyanines and Their Catalytic Application in Gallium(III)-Activated Processes for Donor–Acceptor Substrates

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The novel class of gallium catalysts based on cationic gallium phthalocyanines (RPcGa+) with SbF6– and Sb2F11– weakly coordinating anions was developed in order to using in the catalytic version for gallium-specific chemistry. Two cycloaddition/annulation processes of styrylmalonates with aromatic aldehydes and styrene were implemented in the catalytic version using this approach. The synthetic strategy to gallium phthalocyanines and their structural features were studied in details, including the use of specially adapted 71Ga NMR spectroscopy in combination with 19F and 121Sb ones, as well as the mechanistic aspects.