Abstract
The effect of catalyst acidity on the activity of unmodified and modified zeolites in the gas-phase condensation reaction of ethanol, formaldehyde and ammonia was studied. Condensation of ethanol, aqueous formaldehyde and ammonia (molar ratio 1: 0.21: 1.24) was investigated at a temperature of 400°C in nitrogen atmosphere and a space velocity 0.5 h −1 . The main products of the reaction are pyridine, methyl-and dimethylpyridines. The yield of pyridine and the total yield of pyridine bases depend on the Si/Al ratio of zeolites. Acidity, activity and lifetime of the catalyst are profoundly influenced by the temperature and duration of calcination. The initial activity of the modified catalysts, but also the rate of their deactivation, increases with increasing concentration of the Zn modifier. Higher yields of pyridine and its bases were achieved with the catalysts having an initial acidity under 0.52 mmol.g −1 .
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