Abstract
Diffusion dialysis (DD) is an anion exchange membrane-based functional separation process used for acid recovery. TMA (trimethylamine) and BPPO (brominated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) were utilized in this manuscript to formulate AEMs (anion exchange membranes) for DD (diffusion dialysis) using the phase-inversion technique. FTIR (Fourier transfer infrared) analysis, proton NMR spectroscopy, morphology, IEC (ion exchange capacity), LER (linear expansion ratio), CR (fixed group concentration), WR (water uptake/adsorption), water contact angle, chemical, and thermal stability, were all used to evaluate the prepared membranes. The effect of TMA content within the membrane matrix on acid recovery was also briefly discussed. It was reported that porous AEMs have a WR of 149.6% to 233.8%, IEC (ion exchange capacity) of 0.71 to 1.43 mmol/g, CR (fixed group concentration) that ranged from 0.0046 mol/L to 0.0056 mol/L, LER of 3.88% to 9.23%, and a water contact angle of 33.10° to 78.58°. The UH (acid dialysis coefficients) for designed porous membranes were found to be 0.0043 to 0.012 m/h, with separation factors (S) ranging from 13.14 to 32.87 at the temperature of 25 °C. These observations are comparable to those found in the DF-120B commercial membrane with UH of 0.004 m/h and S of 24.3 m/h at the same temperature (25 °C). This porous membranes proposed in this paper are excellent choices for acid recovery through the diffusion dialysis process.
Highlights
Metal etching, pickling, and stripling processes generate a lot of waste solutions containing inorganic acids [1,2,3,4,5], whereas organic acid-containing waste solutions are created by fermentation, food, leather, and pharmaceutical corporations [1,2,6,7,8]
The ion exchange capacity (IEC) of anion exchange membrane (AEM) is a significant parameter that determines how well they function in diffusion dialysis
The successful formation for TMA functionalized BPPO-based porous membranes is validated through FTIR spectrum analysis
Summary
Metal etching, pickling, and stripling processes generate a lot of waste solutions containing inorganic acids [1,2,3,4,5], whereas organic acid-containing waste solutions are created by fermentation, food, leather, and pharmaceutical corporations [1,2,6,7,8]. The DD (diffusion dialysis) process is a versatile strategy that utilizes (AEMs) anion exchange membranes for the extraction and recovery of acids [25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. This demonstrates that acid recovery through the diffusion dialysis process usFigure 2. By varying the concentration for TMA (Figure 4) into the membrane the porous AEMs have been developed with different physicochemical characterizations. In batch mode, they were compared to the commercial DF-120B membrane for acid recovery through the DD process.
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