Synthesis of Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Snakehead (<i>Channa striata</i>) Fish Bone and its Antibacterial Properties

Abstract

Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized by coprecipitation method and tested its antibacterial properties. Nano-hydroxyapatite was synthesized using CaO precursors from snakehead (Channa striata) fish bones and (NH4)2HPO4. The synthesis was carried out with temperature variations of 30, 60, 80, and 100 °C. Antibacterial activity was determined using two types of bacteria, namely gram-positive and gram-negative. The XRD spectra show that the highest peak is hydroxyapatite synthesized at a temperature of 100 °C. Hydroxyapatite produced from various synthesis temperatures has the size of nanoparticles in the range 37.32-49.27 nm. The nano-hydroxyapatite functional groups are characterized using FTIR, the analysis indicate the presence of OH, CO32‒ and PO43‒. The molar ratio Ca/P is obtained of 1.71 approaching theoretical hydroxyapatite of 1.67. The resulted nano-hydroxyapatite has significant antibacterial properties to Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.