Abstract
In this chapter a systematic investigation of impact of mechanical activation on structural, microstructural, thermal and optical properties of MgO – TiO2 nanocrystalline composite system, synthesized via high energy ball milling techniques. Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot method was employed to understand the signature of the broadening in the XRD peaks and for the estimation of crystallite size of MgO – TiO2 nanocrystalline composite system. It revealed that the peak broadening is not only due to reduced coherently diffracting domain size but also due to a significant strain distribution. The calculated strain was 9.01× 10−3 and the average crystallite sizes were 40–60 nm for 35 hours (hrs) milled powder and this result is very much consistent with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The SAED ring pattern indicates that the phase of Mg2TiO4 - nanoparticles was polycrystalline in structure and the distance between crystalline planes was consistent with the standard pattern for a spinel Mg2TiO4 crystal structure. To analyze the lattice fringes for the 35 hrs milled samples high resolution-TEM (HR-TEM) study was carried out and the result revealed that the each particle has single crystalline structure. Morphological studies were carried out by using SEM analysis. The thermal decomposition behavior of the milled powders was examined by a thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA) in argon atmosphere. Also, MTO nanoparticles showed a strong absorption at ~356 nm and the band gap values ranged between 3.26-3.78 eV with an increase of milling time from 0 to 35 hr. The mechanically derived MTO nanoparticles showed promising optical properties which are suitable for commercial optoelectronic applications.
Highlights
The tremendous growth in telecommunication industries has led increasing demand on the development of low loss and low cost high frequency dielectric ceramics in the form of resonators, filters, antennas, substrates [1–4]
It was reported that MgO – TiO2 system has three stable phases, such as MgTiO3, Mg2TiO4 and MgTi2O5 [14, 15], which are used for microwave engineering/RF- applications
The presence of associated phases such as MgTi2O5 and MgTiO3 in the MgO - TiO2 system is mostly due to the difference in the degree of the incipient mechanical reaction
Summary
The tremendous growth in telecommunication industries has led increasing demand on the development of low loss and low cost high frequency dielectric ceramics in the form of resonators, filters, antennas, substrates [1–4]. Bhuyan et al, [19], have studied the influence of high energy ball milling on structural, microstructural and optical properties of Mg2TiO4 nanoparticles. They proposed that MTO nanoparticles prepared by mechanical alloying method exhibited promising optical properties which are suitable for commercial optoelectronic applications. Filipovic et al, [22], have studied the influence of mechanical activation on microstructure and crystal structure of sintered MgO-TiO2 system In this present chapter, Mg2TiO4 (MTO) nano-composite ceramics were synthesized via mechanical alloying (MA) method with the help of high energy planetary ball milling. The impact of mechanical activation of the MgO-TiO2 system for the synthesis of nanocrystalline Mg2TiO4 powders via high energy ball milling technique has been investigated. This study further reveals the importance of W- H method for the determination of crystallite size and lattice strains
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