Synthesis of modified Schiff base appended 1,2,4-triazole hybrids scaffolds: elucidating the invitro and in silico α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitors potential.

Abstract

The current study involves the synthesis of Schiff bases based on 1,2,4-triazoles skeleton and assessing their α-amylase and α-glucosidase profile. Furthermore, the precise structures of the synthesized derivatives were elucidated using various spectroscopic methods such as 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HREI-MS. Using glimepiride as the reference standard, the invitro α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated in order to determine their potential anti-diabetic properties. All analogues showed varied range of inhibitory activity having IC50 values ranging from 17.09±0.72 to 45.34±0.03 μM (α-amylase) and 16.35±0.42 to 42.31±0.09 μM (α-glucosidase), respectively. Specifically, the compounds 1, 7 and 8 were found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 17.09±0.72, 19.73±0.42, and 23.01±0.04 μM (against α-amylase) and 16.35±0.42, 18.55±0.26, and 20.07±0.02 μM (against α-glucosidase) respectively. The obtained results were compared with the Glimepiride reference drug having IC50values of 13.02±0.11 μM (for α-glucosidase) and 15.04±0.02 μM (for α-amylase), respectively. The structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies were conducted based on differences in substituent patterns at varying position of aryl rings A and B may cause to alter the inhibitory activities of both α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Additionally, the molecular docking study was carried out to explore the binding interactions possessed by most active analogues with the active sites of targeted α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes.