Abstract
Iodine containing oxidizers are especially effective for neutralizing spore forming bacteria by generating iodine gas as a long-lived bactericide. Metal iodates have been shown to be strong oxidizers when combined with aluminum fuel particles for energy generating applications. One method to produce metal iodates in situ is by using metal oxides and an energetic salt: aluminum iodate hexahydrate (Al(H2O)6(IO3)3(HIO3)2), which is called AIH. In this study, the thermal stability and reactivity of AIH with metal oxides commonly used in energetic formulations was investigated. Three metal oxides: bismuth(iii) oxide (Bi2O3), copper(ii) oxide (CuO), and iron(iii) oxide (Fe2O3) were investigated because of their different oxygen release properties. Each metal oxide powder was combined with AIH powder. Thermal stability and reactivity were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and reactive properties calculated to supplement experimental observations. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was also used to identify the product species at various stages of heating corresponding to exothermic activity. Results show that AIH decomposition is entirely endothermic but, with the addition of metal oxide powder to AIH, exothermic reactions transform metal oxides into more stable metal iodates. This analysis provides an understanding of the compatibility of AIH with metal oxides and contributes to the development of novel energetic composites that have the advantages of both thermal and biocidal mechanisms for spore neutralization.
Highlights
Aluminium nanoparticles are passivated by a thin amorphous aluminium oxide (Al2O3) shell 4–5 nm thick
When aluminium iodate hexahydrate (AIH) is combined with a metal oxide, AIH decomposition species are reactive with metal oxides
This study examined AIH combined with copper oxide (CuO), iron oxide (Fe2O3) and bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) and their exothermic reaction with iodine oxide species decomposed from AIH produced the corresponding metal iodate
Summary
Aluminium nanoparticles (nAl) are passivated by a thin amorphous aluminium oxide (Al2O3) shell 4–5 nm thick. Smith et al.[1] recently transformed the Al2O3 shell on nAl particles into (Al(H2O)6(IO3)3(HIO3)2), which is called aluminium iodate hexahydrate (AIH) using a wet chemistry approach. The potential for AIH coated Al particles to produce fast energy release rates has motivated further investigation of this over-oxidized energetic salt: AIH. A wet chemistry approach was used to synthesize AIH on the surface of nAl particles by immersing nAl particles in an iodic acid (HIO3) solution. The ensuing reaction between the Al2O3 shell and HIO3 solution formed AIH through a proposed polarization reaction mechanism.[3] The AIH coated nAl particles are stable under standard atmospheric conditions and can be combined with other reactants with the potential of producing high energy release rates during Al oxidation owing to the low
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