Synthesis of magnetic ruthenium metal-organic frameworks for efficient removal of 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic pesticide from aqueous solutions: Batch adsorption, Box-Behnken design optimization and reusability

Abstract

This study is designed to calculate the efficacy of eliminating dangerous pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenylacetic (2,4-D) from aqueous solutions using magnetic ruthenium metal-organic frameworks (MRM). We have successfully shown through experimentation that MRM is a powerful adsorbent for removing 2,4-D from water. XRD, SEM, XPS, FT-IR, Magnetization (VSM), and BET analyses were used to characterize the material. These methods revealed that it has a high magnetic force of 128.28 emu/g and a high surface area of 968.96 m2/g. It was discovered that the point of zero charge was at 6.29, under which the surface of adsorbent has a positive charge and overhead which it has a positive charge. Using batch experiments, we investigated the effects of pH on adsorption equilibrium. Our results are noteworthy because they show how adsorption performance was significantly impacted by changes in the solution's pH. The effectiveness of 2,4-D adsorption on MRM was thoroughly examined using kinetic models that adhered to the pseudo-second order model. Furthermore, the adsorption process was correctly anticipated using the Langmuir isotherm model. A chemisorption process was found to be a part of the whole process. Using MRM as a sorbent, the extraction of 2,4-D resulted in endothermic and spontaneous changes in (ΔH°), (ΔS°), and (ΔG°) in accordance with the described procedure. The synthetically created MRM adsorbent has exceptional yield ability and reversibility with up to five cycles of adsorption/desorption. The effectiveness of the created adsorbent was evaluated to illustrate the idea of cleaning samples of wastewater at a lab scale. The interaction between MRM and 2,4-D can occur via mechanisms such as pore filling, electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonding, or π-π interactions. The MRM adsorbent makes managing industrial effluent and water filtration easy and efficient. In accordance with our research, we are the first to describe precisely how 2,4-D may be removed from wastewater models utilizing MRM as an adsorbent. The outcomes demonstrated that the maximal 2,4-D adsorption capacity onto MRM is achieved at a pH value of 4, which is 293.93 mg·g−1. Analyze the removal effectiveness from a genuine sample and examine the adsorbent's regeneration if it continues to perform well after more than five cycles.