Adsorption of triclosan from aqueous solutions via novel metal–organic framework: Adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and optimization via Box-Behnken design

Abstract

Utilizing Lanthanum/Palladium -Metal organic framework (La/Pd-MOF), this study sought to analyze the efficacy of removing triclosan (TCS) from aqueous solutions. Through compelling experimentation, we demonstrated that La/Pd-MOF is an effective adsorbent for eliminating TCS from water. Characterization of the material was conducted using SEM, XRD, BET analysis, and surface characterization to determine the point of zero charge. Through batch experiments, we investigated how pH levels impacted adsorption equilibrium. Fascinatingly, our results show that changes in solution pH drastically altered adsorption behavior. The effectiveness of TCS adsorption on La/Pd-MOF was thoroughly examined using kinetic models, adhering to the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, Langmuir isotherm model fitted the adsorption process accordingly. It was identified that a chemisorption process was involved in the overall process. To further customize the parameters like absorbent dosage, solution pH, temperature and time, Box-Behnken design (BBD) with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were implemented. According to the instructions, the (ΔH°), (ΔS°), and (ΔG°) of TCS were endothermically and spontaneously extracted using La/Pd-MOF as an adsorbent. The synthesized La/Pd-MOF adsorbent exhibits remarkable render ability and cyclability for up to five cycles of adsorption–desorption. The effectiveness of the created adsorbent was evaluated as a proof of concept for cleaning wastewater samples at a lab scale. Study the mechanism of interaction between the La/Pd-MOF and TCS as it could be taking place through π-π interaction, pore filling, H-Bonding or electrostatic interaction. The La/Pd-MOF adsorbent provided a straightforward and efficient method for managing industrial effluent and water filtration. Our research indicates that our work is the first to describe how to remove TCS using La/Pd-MOF adsorbent from wastewater samples. The results showed that a maximum adsorption capacity of TCS onto La/Pd-MOF is obtained at a pH value of 6, which is 610.845 mg·g−1.