Synthesis of Isatin and its derivatives containing heterocyclic compounds

Abstract

Isatin or 1H-indole-2,3-dione or 2,3-dioxindole is an indole derivative. Isatin and its analogs are synthetically useful substances where they may be utilized for the production of a broad range of heterocyclic molecules, which are depicting a wide reach of biological and pharmacological activities, as well as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticonvulsant, anti-TB, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, antitumor, antimalarial, anti-HIV, antibacterial, anti-analgesic, and antiplasmodial activities. Isatin is a precursor for many synthesized therapeutic molecules that are amenable to pharmacological action and have excellent biological potential. Isatin has a magnificent scaffold for both the natural and synthetic construction of molecules. These molecules are being used in drug therapy such as anticancer, antibiotic, and antidepressant drugs and have many more clinical applications. Due to its privileged scaffolding, the synthetic versatility of isatin has produced many structurally diverse derivatives, including the substitution of mono-, di- and tri- substitution of the aryl rings A and those derived by derivation of isatin nitrogen and C2 and C3 carbon moieties. As a result, improving and expediting access to isatin-related molecules is a challenging study in synthetic organic chemistry.