Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticle from Tutut (<i>Bellamya javanica</i>) Shells by Using Precipitation Method for Artificial Bone Engineering

Abstract

The synthesis and characterization of both structural and microstructure of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles by using precipitation method have been performed. Orthophosphoric acid solution (H3PO4) 0.3 M was dropped into the suspension of Ca(OH)2 from tutut (Bellamya javanica) shells at pH 10 and added by NH4OH 1 M at the final deposition process. The precipitate was filtered and then heated in a furnace at temperature of 1000 °C for 3 hours. The result of elemental analysis showed that the Ca/P ratio of HAp sample was 1.71. X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the sample was a single phase of Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 with hexagonal structure (P63/m) and lattice parameters of a = b = 9.418(3) Å, c = 6.885(2) Å, a = b = 90o, g = 120o, V = 528.9(4) Å3, and r = 3.084 g cm-3. The as-synthesized HAp has crystallite and particle sizes of 16.1055 and 89.15 nm, respectively. The TEM image revealed that the HAp particles have spherical-polygonal shape with an average diameter particles of around 10-20 nm. It was concluded that the synthesis of HAp nanoparticles from tutut (Bellamya javanica) shells by using a wet precipitation method has been successfully carried out and the as-synthesized HAp was potential to be applied as materials for artificial bone engineering.