Comparative studies of hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles synthesized by using different green templates

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Hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles have been widely used as a biocompatible ceramic in many areas of medicine, mainly for orthopedic and dentistry applications due to its resemblance to mineral bone and enamel. In this study, HAp nanoparticles were synthesized using tartaric acid rich different green templates such as banana peel, tamarind leaves, prickly pear fruits and grapes. The synthesized HAp nanoparticles from different green templates were characterized with FTIR, DLS, XRD, SEM analysis and their results were compared. FTIR spectrum with sharp peaks confirmed the presence of functional groups such as OH and PO43- groups in the synthesized HAp nanoparticles. Particle size analysis showed the acceptable size range and average particle size for all the synthesized HAp samples, grapes sources exhibited the better result of size range 246.9 nm to 356.20 nm and average particle size 291.3 nm. Zeta potential confirmed that the synthesized HAp nanoparticles had negative charges on its surface and the higher stability was showed for HAp nanoparticles from grapes with -29mV. XRD spectrum confirmed that the synthesized HAp nanoparticles matched with the standard HAp peaks and it was found that the crystallite size was low for HAp nanoparticles from grapes in the range of 129nm. SEM images showed the morphological characteristics of synthesized HAp nanoparticles and the uniform distribution of HAp nanoparticles with spherical flower like structure was observed in grapes template. Therefore HAp nanoparticles synthesized using grapes extract showed better results when compared with other green templates.