Abstract
The effects of metal species in an Fe-based catalyst on structural properties were investigated through the synthesis of Fe-based catalysts containing various metal species such, as Mn, Zr, and Ce. The addition of the metal species to the Fe-based catalyst resulted in high dispersions of the Fe species and high surface areas due to the formation of mesoporous voids about 2–4 nm surrounded by the catalyst particles. The metal-added Fe-based catalysts were employed together with Co-loaded beta zeolite for the synthesis of hydrocarbons from syngas with a lower H2/CO ratio of 1 than the stoichiometric H2/CO ratio of 2 for the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). Among the catalysts, the Mn-added Fe-based catalyst exhibited a high activity for the water-gas shift (WGS) reaction with a comparative durability, leading to the enhancement of the CO hydrogenation in the FTS in comparison with Co-loaded beta zeolite alone. Furthermore, the loading of Pd on the Mn-added Fe-based catalyst enhanced the catalytic durability due to the hydrogenation of carbonaceous species by the hydrogen activated over Pd.
Highlights
The use of biomass materials as renewable resources has been focused on for the production of sustainable liquefied fuels as well as the fixation of emitted CO2 [1, 2], the socalled “biomass-to-liquid (BTL) process.” In the BTL process, the gasification of biomass materials produces mainly syngas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; subsequently, syngas can be directly converted to hydrocarbons as liquefied fuels such as diesel fuel through the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over Fe- and Co-based catalysts
These results suggest that the addition of the metal species to the Fe-based catalyst would promote the dispersion of the Fe species and the other metal species to form nanosized composites, independent of the added metal species
The metal-added Fe-based catalyst as a water-gas shift (WGS) catalyst was mixed with Co/β as an FTS catalyst to prepare a hybrid catalyst
Summary
The use of biomass materials as renewable resources has been focused on for the production of sustainable liquefied fuels as well as the fixation of emitted CO2 [1, 2], the socalled “biomass-to-liquid (BTL) process.” In the BTL process, the gasification of biomass materials produces mainly syngas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; subsequently, syngas can be directly converted to hydrocarbons as liquefied fuels such as diesel fuel through the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over Fe- and Co-based catalysts. In the BTL process, the gasification of biomass materials produces mainly syngas composed of carbon monoxide and hydrogen; subsequently, syngas can be directly converted to hydrocarbons as liquefied fuels such as diesel fuel through the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS) over Fe- and Co-based catalysts. For the conversion of H2-deficient syngas to hydrocarbons, Febased catalysts have been attractive since Fe-based catalysts have high activities for both the WGS reaction and the FTS to attain an efficient utilization of carbon monoxide [8,9,10,11,12,13]. When a WGS catalyst is employed together with an FTS catalyst in the synthesis of hydrocarbons from H2-deficient syngas, it is expected that the FTS reaction would proceed more efficiently by increasing the hydrogen concentration through the WGS reaction in comparison with the FTS catalyst alone. We investigated the effect of the addition of metal species to the Fe-based WGS catalyst on the physicochemical and catalytic properties
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