Synthesis of graphene-polystyrene nanocomposites via RAFT polymerization

Abstract

Synthesis of graphene-polymer nanocomposites is of current interest due to their exceptionally physical and chemical properties. However, the ability to produce conductive inks/coatings retaining the properties of the graphene is still a major challenge. In this study, functionalized polydopamine-coated reduced graphene oxide (PDA/RGO) was reacted with a RAFT agent, 2-(dodecylthiocarbonothioylthio)-2-methylpropionic acid (DDMAT), to form macro-RAFT agents via an esterification reaction. The chemistry and kinetics of RAFT living/controlled polymerization of styrene was examined from the surface of these macro-RAFT agents to form polystyrene-grafted PDA/RGO (PS-g-PDA/RGO). By examination of the kinetics and GPC traces of the free and grafted polymer, living/controlled polymerization was confirmed. To examine the utility of this approach, the synthesized PS-g-PDA/RGO samples containing different amounts of grafted PS were employed in the preparation of graphene-PS nanocomposites by mixing them with commercial PS. Graphene was found to be well distributed in the PS matrix by this approach, increasing the decomposition temperature range. This research provides an efficient route towards the design and development of value-added functional graphene-PS composites.