Abstract
In this study, graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide were synthesized by pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength (1064 nm) focused on the pure graphite target which was immersed in distilled water. Different pulse energies were applied in two cases; with and without magnetic field. The synthesized GO and rGO nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with and without magnetic field. The data show the presence of a magnetic field which illustrated increasing oxygen functional groups of GO. This caused a change in the morphology of the surface of GO, increasing crystallite size from 12.19 nm to 71.2 nm. The interlayer distance (d-space) was reduced from 0.4 nm to 0.25 nm and the absorption peaks that appeared in the spectrum were reduced and shifted toward smallest wavelengths, while the stretching vibration of the O-H group peak was shifted toward largest wavelengths.
Highlights
Carbon element represents one of the most common atoms on Earth, occurring naturally in many forms and as a component in innumerable substances which are called allotropes of carbon [1]
The size and morphology of graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticles were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (Angstrom advanced SPM-A 3000 model) and the presence of elemental GO, in the presence and absence of the magnetic field, was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (SHIMADZ XRD 600C) analysis with Cu-kα x-ray tube (λ=1.5418A0,V=40kV, I= 30mA)
In the absence of magnetic field, the absorption peaks were shifted toward lower wavelengths when the laser energy was increased from 500 to 600mJ, whereas there was no shift in the absorption peak when the laser energy became 700mJ
Summary
Carbon element represents one of the most common atoms on Earth, occurring naturally in many forms and as a component in innumerable substances which are called allotropes of carbon [1]. The structure of GO is similar to a graphene sheet, with its base having oxygen-containing groups. Since these oxygen groups have a high relation with water molecules, it is hydrophilic and can be melted in water and other solvents. A pulsed Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm and a repetition rate of 6Hz at different pulse laser energy (500, 600 and 700mJ) with and without magnetic field was used for the synthesis of graphene nanoparticles in distilled water with 500 pulse of the graphite target. The interaction between distilled water and graphene nanoparticles was analyzed by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (SHIMADZU), which provides a record of absorption of electromagnetic radiation by sample in a wavenumber range of 400-4000cm-1
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