Abstract
We have established the laws of change in the vehicle acceleration time at the existing step transmission of ICE, when implementing the total traction force, boundary for the drive wheels adhesion to the road, and during implementation of the proposed rational law for acceleration control. To model ICE speed characteristics, we applied the empirical dependence by S.R. Leyderman. The analytical expressions obtained allow us to implement such a change in vehicle acceleration depending on its speed that makes it possible to ensure maximum dynamism at minimal engine power consumption, taking into consideration a nonlinear change in external resistance. The maximum acceleration, which is possible to implement using the rational dynamic characteristic, can reach 7 m/s 2 . Based on the dependences obtained, it is possible to determine effective work of ICE required to accelerate a vehicle at different gears. An analysis of calculation results revealed that the transition from lower to higher gears is accompanied by a sharp decrease in engine energy expenditure required to accelerate the vehicle. It was established that for the case of hybrid vehicles, acceleration using the electric drive, rather than accelerating at lower gears of the mechanical drive, makes it possible to reduce energy losses by 20 % (for a four-cylinder internal combustion engine). Energy preservation is accomplished by reducing the fluctuation of traction force, as well as the possibility of a step-free change in motion speed.
Highlights
Energy efficiency is the property that ensures high dynamics of a vehicle with the lowest energy consumption
The existence of electrical part in the drive of drive wheels makes it possible to rationally control the acceleration of a vehicle, in other words, to implement such a law of change in the acceleration of a car depending on speed that would ensure the lowest consumption of energy by the engine
The results proposed could be further developed for electric cars and hybrid vehicles, in which the implementation of the resulting rational law for acceleration control might be achieved by the simplest means with the lowest consumption of energy
Summary
National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine Zakhysnykiv Ukrainy sq., 3, Kharkіv, Ukraine, 61001 **Kharkiv National Automobile and Highway University Yaroslava Mudroho str., 25, Kharkiv, Ukraine, 61002
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