Speed qualities and their manifestations in football

Abstract

This article examines the issue of skill in football, which is characterized by sudden and unexpected changes in the action situation every moment, complex motor reactions are often encountered. They are divided into disjunctive (with an exclusive choice) and differentiated. The reaction of a fighter to the actions of his opponent, which forces him to attack or defend, the reaction of a football player - to make a pass to a partner or shoot through the goal - are considered disjunctive (that is, we cannot simultaneously retreat and advance, pass the ball and hit the goal etc.). Differentiated reactions are the most complex type of reactions, which require great concentration of attention for the immediate selection of the most appropriate action in response, and sometimes the response has already started or switching to completely different actions. For example, an attacker who decided to strike, but saw an opponent blocking him, changes his mind and passes to a partner who is in a better position. A fencer who has started his attack must be able to intercept the opponent's counterattack and continue his own, etc.
 The performance of individual motor acts at high speed is determined by the speed of a single movement. This is, for example, the speed of movement of the leg during a kick in football or a stick during a throw in hockey, the speed of movement of the arm during an offensive shot in volleyball, throwing a javelin, javelin in fencing. The maximum speed of a single movement can be achieved in the absence of any external resistance. With an increase in external resistance, it is possible to increase the speed of movements due to an increase in the power of the forces exerted, and this depends on the explosive qualities of muscle fibers.