Abstract
Aqueous extracts of Securidacalongepedunculata and Artocarpusheterophyllus were screened for photochemicals and both were found to contain saponins, tannins, flavonoid, cardiac glycosides, anthraquinones and alkaloids. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out from these extracts. The formation and stability of the reduced nanoparticles in the colloidal solutions were monitored using UV-visible spectroscopy. The Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), indicated the presence of bio-molecules responsible for reduction and stabilization of the nanoparticles. The morphology of the nanoparticles formed from Securidacalongepedunculata was flake like and that from Artocarpusheterophyllus was plate-like as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The nanoparticles from both plants showed potent anti-bacterial activities towards Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive bacterium.
Highlights
The synthesis of nano-materials and their characterization has become an emerging field of nanotechnology from the past two decades, due to their application in the field of physics, chemistry, biology and medicine (Albrecht et al, 2006)
Result and Discussion The leaf extracts of Securidaca longe pedunculata and Artocarpus heterophyllus were subjected to phytochemical screening using conventional methods to test for the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, cardiac glycosides and anthraquinones
The extracts provide simple and efficient way to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles which are ecofriendly, fast and of low cost. The characterization of these nanoparticles was done using UV-visible which confirms the reduction of silver ions to silver nanoparticles
Summary
The synthesis of nano-materials and their characterization has become an emerging field of nanotechnology from the past two decades, due to their application in the field of physics, chemistry, biology and medicine (Albrecht et al, 2006). Most techniques of synthesizing nanoparticles, such as chemical reduction of ions in aqueous solutions with or without stabilizing agents (LizMarzan et al, 1996), thermal decomposition in organic solvents (Esumi et al, 1990), chemical reduction and photo-reduction in reverse micelles (Pileniet al, 2000; Sun et al, 2001) and radiation chemical reduction (Henglein, 1993; Henglein, 1998) etc. Most of these methods are extremely expensive and involve the use of toxic, hazardous chemicals which may pose potential environmental and biological risks. Silver is the metal of choice as they hold the promise to kill microbes effectively (Ip et al, 2006)
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