Abstract
Ceria oxide (CeO2) is widely used as catalyst with high oxygen storage capacity at low temperature. The addition of zirconia oxide (ZrO2) to CeO2 can enhance oxygen storage capacity as well as thermal stability. In this work, ceria zirconia oxides has been synthesized via a low temperature solvothermal treatment in order to produce ceria zirconia oxides composite with high oxygen storage capacity as electrolyte of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Under solvothermal conditions, solvent may control the direction of crystal growth, morphology, particle size and size distribution, because of the controllability of thermodynamics and transport properties by pressure and temperature. Water, mixed of water and ethanol (70/30 vol/vol), and mixed of water and ethylene glycol (70/30 vol/vol) were used as solvent, while Ce(NO3)3 and ZrO(NO3)2 with 0.06 M concentration were used as precursor. The experiments were conducted at temperature of 150 °C and pressure for 2 h in a Teflon-lined autoclave of 100 mL volume. The synthesized products were dried at 60 °C for 6 and 12 h and then calcined at 900 °C for 6 h. The particle products were characterized using SEM, XRD, TG/DTA, and Potentiostat. The results showed that the morphology of particles formed were affected by the solvent. Solid plate shaped particles were produced in water, and tend to be pore with the addition of ethylene glycol. The addition of ethanol decreased the size of particles with sphere shaped. The XRD pattern indicated that ceria-zirconia oxides particles are uniformly distributed in the structure to form a homogeneous solid solution. Based on the electrochemical analysis, ceria zirconia oxides produced via solvothermal synthesis had high conductivity ion of 0.5594 S/cm, which is higher than minimum conductivity ion requirement of 0.01 S/cm for SOFC electrolyte. It indicated that ceria zirconia oxides produced via solvothermal synthesis is suitable for SOFC electrolyte.
Highlights
The central part of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is electrolyte, which is sandwiched between cathode and anode
Zirconia and ceria based materials are widely investigated for its application as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) [2]
By addition ethylene glycol into the solvent, the spherical particles formed agglomerated particles with large amount of pore. These results indicated that morphology particles were highly influenced by the type of solvent
Summary
The central part of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) is electrolyte, which is sandwiched between cathode and anode. The oxygen ions (O2-) reduced on cathode or proton (H+) oxidized on anode sides is transported through the electrolyte materials and reacts with hydrogen or oxygen, respectively, to form water on either side of the cell. The electrons (e-) are generated due to the reaction pass in the opposite direction through the outer circuit [1]. There are two types of materials: oxide ion and proton conducting electrolytes. Oxide ion conducting electrolytes cover a wide range of materials which basically include fluorite-, perovskite-, brownmillerite-structured materials. Fluorite-structured electrolyte is adopted by ceria at room temperature and zirconia at high temperature. Zirconia and ceria based materials are widely investigated for its application as electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) [2]
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