Abstract
The history of the Soviet Union, its socio-economic, socio-political and socio-cultural life is unique in comparison with other countries. The USSR was created on the model of social development, expressed by European and Russian Utopian socialists and was grounded in the classics of Marxism-Leninism. So, the system of government, economic conditions and cultural activities of a society built on the hegemony of the proletariat was a long-running social experiment that conditioned the life of the Soviet people and influenced other countries as well. The experiment of a country with total state property envisaged that the party leadership assumed responsibility for defining all spheres of political life - both internal and interstate relations - and inevitably formed unified programs of cultural activity and social development, managed them, and financed and tightly controlled their implementation. The Soviet people, the so-called "working masses", were forced to live and act under uniform rules. Depending on the planning of the political, economic and social life of the party leadership throughout the existence of the USSR, the country went through several stages, which differed in the directions of forming an architectural and urban planning environment that had to meet the tasks of state and ideological character. Familiarizing yourself with this unique experience and finding the reasons for its formation is important for understanding the trends of social development in the twentieth century.
Highlights
The experiment of a country with total state property envisaged that the party leadership assumed responsibility for defining all spheres of political life - both internal and interstate relations - and inevitably formed unified programs of cultural activity and social development, managed them, and financed and tightly controlled their implementation
The connection between the periods of historical, political and economic development of the country and socio-cultural activity of the population on the example of developing the principles of creating an architectural and urban planning environment has been proved in many author's publications [1 – 4] and many others
They identify the main phases of political and economic development of our country during its existence in the USSR, which are caused by foreign and domestic political activity - these are: the first after 1917 - the stage of search for directions of optimization in the system of government and management, which was distinguished by diversity proposals, even going back for a while to the old forms of the capitalist economy - 1920s - 1932; the stage of establishing a totalitarian system of government headed by a leader and with total state property, characterized by the construction of socialism - 1937 - 1953 and the stage of a collegial system of government based on a one-party system headed by the SecretaryGeneral
Summary
It is known that for a complete idea of the depth and essence of the impact of cultural heritage on social development, it is necessary to study the historical heritage, analyze its value for the present, look for reasons for its formation in the past. During the existence of our country in the USSR, together with it, Ukraine has undergone joint processes of economic development and state formation. It is important to study the parallels of the socio-historical and cultural development of the country in order to find the identity of architectural and cultural development and to justify the causes of Ukrainian identity when they exist, as well as to find out the ways of using the synthesis of arts in Ukrainian architectural and construction practice, which has always contributed to enhancing the desired effects in formation of architectural and urban planning environment
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