Synthesis of antibacterial silver nanoparticles through the interaction of reduced dose of antibiotic and aqueous callus extract of Fagonia indica

Abstract

Background: Various strains of bacteria are developing resistance to much of the currently available antibiotics. Fagonia indica is a widely known medicinal plant that contain secondary metabolites used to synthesize antibacterial Silver nanoparticles. In this study, we used the callus extract of F. indica for the synthesis of AgNPs. The purpose of the study was to synthesize AgNPs in the presence of combination of an antibiotic and callus extract from the F. indica to assess the effects of antibiotic supplementation on AgNPs synthesis. Methods and materials: In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using the callus extract of Fagonia indica as a reducing agent with the addition of Very small doses ciprofloxacin antibiotic. Characterization of AgNPs was performed through UV-Vis Spectroscopy, FTIR, and XRD. Furthermore, the activity of Cipro-AgNPs was determined through the agar well diffusion method against resistant bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Citrobacter amalonaticus, Shigella sonnei, and Salmonella typhi. Results: Characterization results showed that the AgNPs gave SPR peaks at 414 nm while in case of cipro-AgNPs, the peak were observed at 419 nm. FTIR analysis showed the role of amides, acyl group, and nitro groups in callus extract of F. indica, and some functional groups of the ciprofloxacin in the reduction process as well as the capping and stabilization of AgNPs. Similarly, X-Ray Diffraction analysis indicate the structure of AgNPs as face-centered cubic crystalline particles. The activity of Cipro-AgNPs and ciprofloxacin and AgNPs alone as control against resistant bacteria such as E. coli, C. amalonaticus, S. sonnei, and S. typhi was studied. Cipro-AgNPs showed the best antibacterial activity as compared to AgNPs alone and ciprofloxacin alone. Maximum inhibition zone of E. coli, C. amalonaticus, S. sonnei, and S. typhi in response to AgNPs and ciprofloxacin was 38.5 mm, 35.5 mm, 33 mm, and 35.5 mm, respectively. Conclusion: It can, therefore, be suggested that the AgNPs along with Ciprofloxacin might have worked in interaction and resulted in better antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens. This study can be used to reduce the doses of antibiotics in future studies and thus help fight antimicrobial resistance in an innovative way.