Abstract
A new porous activated carbon (AC) material with very high specific surface area (3193 m2 g−1) was prepared by the carbonization of a colloidal silica-templated melamine–formaldehyde (MF) polymer composite followed by KOH-activation. Several electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) cells were fabricated using this AC as the electrode material. A number of organic solvent-based electrolyte formulations were examined to optimize the EDLC performance. Both high specific discharge capacitance of 130.5 F g−1 and energy density 47.9 Wh kg−1 were achieved for the initial cycling. The long-term cycling performance was also measured.
Highlights
An electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) is an electrical energy storage device that combines the advantages of both conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries, and offers attractive features, such as fast storing/releasing of energy, long cycling life, and high reversibility
We report the preparation of a new porous activated carbon (AC) material by using MF as the precursor, and silica nanoparticles as the hard template
CV2, a high carbon material that could provide more area for ion stacking, and a matching electrolyte that could support high operation voltage is necessary for achieving high energy density
Summary
An electrical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) is an electrical energy storage device that combines the advantages of both conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries, and offers attractive features, such as fast storing/releasing of energy, long cycling life, and high reversibility. In the past few years, numerous carbon-based EDLC electrode materials have been reported including AC, carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) [12], carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [13,14], graphene and templated carbon [15,16,17] Among these materials, porous AC materials are the most studied and the most extensively used for commercial EDLCs, because of their high electrical conductivity [18], excellent chemical/electrochemical stability, low cost, convenient preparation and abundance of precursor sources. The current state-of-the-art electrolytes for EDLCs are organic-solvent-based, e.g., 1M tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEA-BF4) in acetonitrile (AN) This electrolyte displays excellent ionic conductivity (56 mS cm−1 [30]), which minimizes the impedance of EDLCs and enables them to be operated at very high power density.
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