Synthesis, Characterization of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles from Coffea arabica Extract and Their Cytotoxic Potential Against Cancer Cells

Priti H Shere,S.B Agawane,C.N Khobragade

doi:10.30799/jnst.245.19050403

Abstract

Silver and gold nanoparticles have been getting great medical interest due to their potential physiochemical properties like higher surface to volume ratio and low molecular weight. In this study biogenic synthesis of silver and gold nanoparticles were successfully carried out using <i>Coffea arabica</i> extract. The aqueous extract of coffee was mixed with silver nitrate (1 mM) and chloroauric acid (10<sup>-3</sup> M) ensuing formation of silver and gold nanoparticles. UV-visible spectroscopy shows absorption maxima at 428 nm for silver and 540 nm for gold nanoparticles. Further characterization techniques used were FTIR, EDX and HRTEM with SAED. The HRTEM analysis reveals spherical nature of silver nanoparticles and polymorphic nature of gold nanoparticles with mean particle size 16 nm for silver and 12 nm for gold nanoparticles. The cytotoxic potentials of these nanoparticles were studied against HeLa, HCT116, MCF-7, THP-1 and K562 cell lines using MTT assay for studying cellular response of these nanoparticles. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were cytotoxic to all cell lines under study with mean cytotoxicity of 90% with IC50 18.36 μg/mL and CC50 of 7.9 μg/mL. The gold nanoparticles have shown CC50 of 69.97 μg/mL for the cell lines under study.<div><br></div>

Highlights

Nanotechnology arises from physical, chemical, biological and engineering science where novel techniques are being developed to probe and manipulate single atom and molecules
The silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles synthesized according to method described in previous section, colloidal solution turned from pale yellow to pale brown for silver and from pale yellow/pale grey to ruby red for gold nanoparticles [18,19,20]
The absorption spectrums show surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 428 nm and 540 nm indicating presence of spherical or roughly spherical silver and gold nanoparticles respectively [21] which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis

Summary

Introduction

Nanotechnology arises from physical, chemical, biological and engineering science where novel techniques are being developed to probe and manipulate single atom and molecules. Metal nanoparticles have received significant attention in recent years because of their unique properties and potential applications in catalysis [2], optoelectronics [3], biological sensor [4, 5] and pharmaceutical applications [6]. Nanoparticles of silver and gold have received incredible research attention for their broad applications in recent times, which include their optical, catalytic, conducting and biological properties. Metal nanoparticles have many potential applications including use in biomedical [8], optoelectronics [9] and catalysis system which relate to their size dependent properties. A gold nanoparticle enhances Raman scattering, which outcomes in detection and identification of single molecule [10]. The size of nanoparticle decides its role in biomedical application such as nanoparticles which are less than 12nm in diameter can cross blood brain barrier [11,12,13] and those of less than or equal to 30 nm can be endocytocysed by cells [14]

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Results

Conclusion