Comparative Study of Green and Chemical Synthesized Selenium Nanoparticles and Its Antibacterial Assay Against Fish Pathogens

Abstract

Nanometals are widely used in industries like engineering, medicine and the environment; but their synthesis is often chemically prone to environmental contamination, high energy usage, and health issues. Green synthesis, which uses plant extracts instead of chemical agents, addresses these challenges by being more cost-effective, reducing pollution, and protecting both the environment and human health. In this study, two different SeNPs were synthesized where one from sodium selenite using Phyllanthus amarus leaf aqueous extract and another one is via chemical mediated SeNPs. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy and exhibited a peak at 264 nm and 265 nm for Gr- SeNPs and Ch-SeNPs; XRD, EDX revealed the atom percentage at 89.07% for Gr-SeNPs and for Ch-SeNPs at 78.45%. The electron microscopy results revealed that synthesized SeNPs morphology was spherical in shape. XRD reports explain the sharp peaks indicate the crystallinity of the nanoparticles the crystalline size of Gr-SeNPs and Ch-SeNPs are 32.13 nm and 33.41 nm. FT-IR spectrum results describe the information about the interaction between functional groups of phytochemicals in the leaf extract and the SeNPs. This study also proved the antibacterial potential of green SeNPs against common fish pathogens comparable to chemical SeNPs. Based on these results, it is confirmed that leaf extract capped SeNPs may have potential bio-medicinal applications when compared to chemical synthesized SeNPs.