Synthesis, characterization of novel ZnO/CuO nanoparticles, and the applications in photocatalytic performance for rhodamine B dye degradation.

Abstract

Photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants is being up to date for the treatment of contaminated water. In the present study, ZnO/CuO nanomaterials were successfully fabricated by a simple sol-gel method and investigate the photo-degradation of rhodamine B (RhB). The synthesized ZnO/CuO nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), thermal analysis (TGA), surface charge, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The photo-degradation of the dye RhB was followed spectroscopically. The overall composition of ZnO/CuO material was found to be wurtzite phase, with particle size of 30 nm, and the Vis light absorption increased with an increase of Cu content. The ZnO/CuO nanomaterials were highly active leading to a photo-degradation of 10 ppm RhB reaching 98% within 180 min at 0.1 g/L catalyst dosage. The change in surface charge after degradation evaluated by ζ potential measurements and the differences in functional vibration group monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) indicates that the RhB adsorption on the Zn45Cu surface was insignificant. And scavenging experiments demonstrate that the RhB degradation by ZnO/CuO nanomaterials involves to some degree hydroxyl radicals.