Abstract
Objective: The present research aims to synthesize some new polycyclic compounds including chromene moiety and study their antimicrobial activity.
 Methods: Several new polycyclic systems including chromene scaffold incorporated with pyridine, pyrimidine, imidazopyrimidine, and imidazodiazocine were achieved via condensation reaction of chromene derivative under the proper condition with various reagents namely; cyanothioacetamide, phenyl isothiocyanate, malononitrile, carbon disulfide, benzaldehyde, triethylorthoformate, and 1,4-dichlorobutane. Moreover, a chlorodiazenyl chromene derivative was reacted with some substances possessing active–CH2-bridge such as ethyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile to end up with hydrazono compounds. Such compounds were eventually cyclized with hydrazine hydrate to form pyrazole and oxopyrazole derivatives. Moreover, compound 1 was treated with benzoyl acetone, and then followed by cyclization with malononitrile to provide the corresponding 2-amino14-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4-methy-5-phenyl-14H-benzo[5,6] chromeno[2,3H][1,6]naphthyridine-3-carbonitrile (20).
 Results: The results of the antimicrobial screening in vitro revealed that the inhibition zone (mm) of the synthesized compounds 1-3, 5 and 8 implied their optimum antibacterial activity, while the compounds 4, 6 and 9-13, 15 showed a moderate to weak antibacterial activity against multiple species of B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa. In contrast, the compounds 1, 6, 11, 15 showed high antifungal activities against different species of A. flavinand C. albicans, while the other compounds exhibit a moderate to poor antifungal activity.
 Conclusion: It is remarkable that a series of chromene derivatives synthesized by a simple and available method leads to a molecule of promising antimicrobial activity. Further research is recommended to approve the importance of polycyclic systems for various applications.
Highlights
The resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs is a well-known phenomenon [1,2]
Chromenes are consisting of benzene and pyrane fused ring called benzopyrans which used as starting materials for the synthesis of bioactive structures [3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25]
The pathway for the preparation of the target compounds is outlined under schemes 1-4. 2-Amino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1Hbenzo[f]chromene-3-carbonitrile (1) is the key compound in our study for the production of its functionalized derivatives [52]
Summary
The resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs is a well-known phenomenon [1,2]. As a result, new drugs based on less toxic materials are needed and should be designed and developed. The chromene derivatives have been extensively used as active compounds to treat cancer [26, 27] inflammation [28], cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [29]. They have been used as antimicrobial [30,31,32], antioxidant [33] antiviral [34], anthelminthic [35], anti-HIV [36], TNF-α-inhibitor [37], estrogenic [38, 39] antitubercular [40,41] herbicidal [42], anticonvulsant, antiparkinsonian [43, 44], antidepressant [45] and analgesic [46, 47] activity. We aimed to synthesize some new polycyclic compounds including chromene moiety and study their antimicrobial activity
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