Abstract
Nonionic-anionic surfactants are unique kinds of surfactants made up of two distinct hydrophilic parts, which combine properties of both nonionic and anionic surfactants. The surface-active properties and aggregation behavior of a nonionic-anionic surfactant can be controlled by altering its alkyl chain length. The micellization behavior of this surfactant can also be affected by temperature. In this paper, a series of lauryl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether succinic acid isoester sulfonates (C12EO6-CnMS, n = 10, 12, 14 and 16) were synthesized through the esterification and sulfonation of C12EO6. The C12EO6-CnMS surfactants were characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The conductivity, surface tension and fluorescence investigation were conducted to evaluate the adsorption and aggregation behaviors of C12EO6-CnMS surfactants in aqueous solution. When the alkyl chain length of a C12EO6-CnMS was increased, there was a decrease in both the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the area per molecule (Amin). However, there was an increase in the adsorption efficiency (pC20) and the maximum surface excess concentration (Γmax). An increase in temperature would decrease CMC and Γmax but increase the pC20 and Amin. The results of dynamic light scattering (DLS) and critical packing parameters (P) implied that C12EO6-CnMS surfactants can generate vesicles in an aqueous solution which was consistent with the results from transmission electron microscopy (TEM). As the fatty alcohol carbon chain of C12EO6-CnMS increased from C12 to C16, in a word, the increase of asymmetry for double-tail surfactants, the hydrodynamic diameter, aggregation size and aggregation number of the surfactant aqueous solution decreased.
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