Abstract
Ethanol as a solvent, a precursor of titanium isopropoxide and a stabilizer of either hydrochloric acid or ammonium hydroxide was used to prepare a titanium dioxide aqueous solution. The aqueous solutions with different values of pH and the morphology of the resultant reaction of the nanoparticles of titanium dioxide were investigated. The X-ray diffraction showed that at low temperatures and with acidic solutions, rutile structures are more favorable to grow on titanium dioxide synthesized, while at low and average temperatures and with base solutions, anatase phase is more pronounced. The crystalline form and the re-confirmation of the crystallite size growth were observed by the scanning electron microscopy. The atomic force microscopy was used to confirm the relation between the roughness and thickness with the pH level.
Highlights
Nanocrystalline metal oxides have gained a lot of attention because of their unique properties
The sample prepared at pH 1 which corresponds to the anatase phase (110), shows a trace of rutile at 27.3°
This shows that the formation of the rutile phase is favored in the high acidity solution, while the anatase formation will be favored lower acidity
Summary
Nanocrystalline metal oxides have gained a lot of attention because of their unique properties. The only thermodynamically stable phase at normal pressure and room temperature, have a lower band gap energy (3 eV) in comparison with brookite and anatase phases (3.2 eV) which are metastable and can be transformed into rutile phase by calcination processing at 600-800 ̊C, Tang, et al, 2000 and Ruiz, et al, 2004. This material's final properties depend on the size, morphology and crystalline phase of the prepared TiO2 nanopowder. Optimization of the preparation conditions is studied so a narrow size distribution of the TiO2 powders with a nanometer scale can be provided using controlled pH of the solution
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