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Abstract
Insulation elements are distinguished in inorganic fibrous and organic foamed materials. Foamed insulation materials are of great acceptance and use, but their major disadvantage is their flammability. In case of fire, they tend to transmit the flame producing toxic gases. In this paper, the synthesis and characterization of innovative inorganic insulation materials with properties competitive to commercial is presented. Their synthesis involves the mixing of inorganic raw material and water with reinforcing agent or/and foaming agent leading to the formation of a gel. Depending on raw materials nature, the insulation material is produced by freeze drying or ambient drying techniques of the gel. The raw material used are chemically benign and abundantly available materials, or industrial by-products and the final products are non-toxic and, in some cases, non-flammable. Their density and thermal conductivity was measured and found 0.02-0.06 g/cm3 and 0.03-0.04 W/mK, respectively.
Highlights
In Greece, the first thermal regulation was established in 1979, which was replaced in 2010 by the energy efficiency building regulation
Clay aerogels with Na-MMT and water alone, is very brittle, so PVA, casein or cellulose fibers (CF) were used as reinforcement agents
Irrespective of synthesis procedure, it was concluded that increased content of raw materials leads to increased density, lower porosity and higher
Summary
In Greece, the first thermal regulation was established in 1979, which was replaced in 2010 by the energy efficiency building regulation. As insulation materials are considered the ones that manage to trap air into their mass, providing energy independence in the spaces and ensuring a smooth season transition. They are characterized by the thermal conductivity coefficient. Silica aerogels are a class of materials well known since 1930, with high specific surface area, high porosity, low density and low thermal resistance. Their synthesis involves the formation of a gel, and the removal of the liquid medium through supercritical drying [2, 3]. Depending on the raw materials nature and the synthesis procedure, insulation materials with different properties and lamellar or foamed structure can be produced
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