Synthesis and characterization of hydroxyapatite based on green mussel shells (perna viridis) with the variation of stirring time using the precipitation method

Abstract

Hydroxyapatite (HA) from green mussel shells (Perna viridis) has been successfully synthesized with a variation of stirring time using the precipitation method. The green mussel shells were calcined in furnace at temperature of 950°C for 2 h. AAS result shows that the level of Ca was 49.5757%. X-Ray diffractometer result shows that the crystallization of CaO was high because it has big crystallite size and small microstrain. The analysis of XRD shows that for HA with the stirring time of 30 min and 45 min have the same crystallization with the crystallite size of (74.91 ± 4.9) nm and (74.91 ± 4.7) nm. From DTA/TGA analysis, HA samples of stirring time 45 min and 15 min are more stable than HA with the stirring time of 30 min. The FTIR spectra show that HA with the stirring time of 30 min and 45 min could have lower transmittance value. From SEM result, HA with the stirring time of 15 min has small agglomerate shape and thick structure of particles. Therefore, HA with the stirring time of 15 min becomes the best synthesized from this research which it can be used as a coating material in implanted applications.