Abstract
A photocatalytic system for decolorization of double azo reactive black 5 (RB5) dye and water disinfection of E. coli was developed. Sol gel method was employed for the synthesis of Fe-TiO2 photocatalysts and were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Results showed that photocatalytic efficiency was greatly influenced by 0.1 weight percent iron loading and 300 °C calcination temperature. The optimized reaction parameters were found to be the ambient temperature, working solution pH 6.2 and 1 mg g−1 dose to completely decolorize RB5. The isotherm studies showed that RB5 adsorption by Fe-TiO2 followed the Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacity of 42.7 mg g−1 and Kads 0.0079 L mg−1. Under illumination, the modified photocatalytic material had higher decolorization efficiency as compared to unmodified photocatalyst. Kinetic studies of the modified material under visible light irradiation indicated the reaction followed the pseudo-first-order kinetics. The illumination reaction followed the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) model as the rate of dye decolorization increased with an incremental increase in dye concentration. The L-H constant Kc was 1.5542 mg L–1∙h–1 while Kads was found 0.1317 L mg–1. The best photocatalyst showed prominent percent reduction of E. coli in 120 min. Finally, 0.1Fe-TiO2-300 could be an efficient photocatalyst and can provide a composite solution for RB5 decolorization and bacterial strain inhibition.
Highlights
Introduction distributed under the terms andWastewater generation whether industrial or domestic by rapid industrialization and/or urbanization and its discharge into natural drainage system has severely affected the fragile aquatic environment and becoming the principal source of toxic contaminants and pathogen dissemination
The solution was stirred at room temperature (25 ◦ C ± 1)
Profile, 5.98% weight loss occurred in step I that is from room temperature to 260 ◦ C while
Summary
Wastewater generation whether industrial or domestic by rapid industrialization and/or urbanization and its discharge into natural drainage system has severely affected the fragile aquatic environment and becoming the principal source of toxic contaminants and pathogen dissemination. Nanomaterials 2021, 11, 436 versatile nature of contaminants including dyes is hot environmental issue and aggravating the environmental concerns around the globe. Different conventional methods are employed for industrial wastewater treatment including, biological oxidation and physico-chemical methods, coagulation/flocculation [1], reverse osmosis [2], membrane filtration [3], activated carbon adsorption [4,5]. The non-destructive action nature and just transferring the contamination from one phase to another as well as secondary waste generation and further necessity of treatment or pretreatment process disfavor the physico-chemical processes adoption [6,7]
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