Effective Adsorption of Reactive Black 5 onto Hybrid Hexadecylamine Impregnated Chitosan-Powdered Activated Carbon Beads

Mohammadtaghi Vakili,Giovanni Cagnetta,Amin Mojiri,Abdulmoseen S Giwa,Babak Salamatinia,Baozhen Wang,Wei Wang,Fatemeh Gholami,Haider M Zwain,Zahra Gholami

doi:10.3390/w12082242

Abstract

In this study, hexadecylamine (HDA) impregnated chitosan-powder activated carbon (Ct-PAC) composite beads were successfully prepared and applied to adsorption of the anionic dye reactive black 5 (RB5) in aqueous solution. The Ct-PAC-HDA beads synthesized with 0.2 g powdered activated carbon (PAC) and 0.04 g HDA showed the highest dye removal efficiency. The prepared beads were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Various adsorption parameters, i.e., adsorbent dosage, pH, and contact time, which affect the adsorption performance, were studied in a series of batch experiments. The obtained adsorption data were found to be better represented by Freundlich (R2 = 0.994) and pseudo-second-order (R2 = 0.994) models. Moreover, it was ascertained that the adsorption of RB5 onto Ct-PAC-HDA beads is pH-dependent, and the maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity (666.97 mg/g) was observed at pH 4. It was also proved that Ct-PAC-HDA beads were regenerable for repeated use in the adsorption process.

Highlights

In recent years, the unprecedented development of industrial and urban activities has led to a significant increase in wastewater discharge into the environment, often contaminated with harmful organic pollutants
Figure 1aintensity presents the impact of powdered activated carbon (PAC) concentration on the adsorption of reactive black 5 (RB5) on chitosan-powder activated carbon (Ct-PAC) beads
PAC had a positive effect on the RB5 adsorption performance of the Ct-PAC beads

Summary

Introduction

The unprecedented development of industrial and urban activities has led to a significant increase in wastewater discharge into the environment, often contaminated with harmful organic pollutants (e.g., dyestuffs). A low degree of fixation to the fabrics, high water solubility, and poor adsorption ability are the main reasons for the intense color of the effluents that contain such kind of dyes [6]. Discharge of such type of wastewater into the environment is known to threaten the ecosystem due to high toxicity and reduction of sunlight penetration into the water, affecting aquatic biota living functions [7]. Adsorption processes have received much attention from researchers due to its cost-effectiveness, simplicity, and high efficiency [8]

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Conclusion