Abstract
Nanoparticles play a vital role in bone tissue repair engineering, especially iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), which have magnetic properties, semiconductor properties, and nontoxicity at the same time, and their applications in biomedicine have received widespread attention. This review summarizes the excellent performance of IONPs in enhancing scaffold functions, promoting stem cell differentiation, and labeling positioning, in order to understand the research progress and future development trends of IONPs in bone tissue repair engineering, as well as the security issues. Firstly, IONPs can affect the expression of genes and proteins to accelerate the process of biomineralization under a magnetic field. Then, the composite of IONPs and polymers can synthesize a scaffold which can promote the attachment, proliferation, and bone differentiation of stem cells. Furthermore, IONPs can also mark the location of drugs in the body to follow up the process of bone repair. Therefore, extensive research on the manufacturing and application range of IONPs is of great significance to bone tissue repair engineering.
Highlights
As we all know, physical stimulation enhances the bone rebuilding capacity significantly, including stretching, compression, fluid shear stress, and heat [1, 2]
Magnetic scaffolds can attract growth factors and stem cells to migrate in the body through magnetic drive and promote bone repair and regeneration [106]
We briefly describe the synthesis method of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the merit and demerit of each method
Summary
Physical stimulation enhances the bone rebuilding capacity significantly, including stretching, compression, fluid shear stress, and heat [1, 2]. If a magnetic field is applied, each magnetic particle will become a magnetic source, so that the magnetic scaffold material can play the role of bone tissue repair treatment. Magnetic particles and magnetic fields work together to improve the effectiveness of bone tissue repair [9, 10]. Ge et al [29] prepared a magnetic scaffold containing Fe3O4/chitosan, which has high biocompatibility to C2C12 cells. De Santis et al designed a magnetic scaffold for bone tissue combining PCL and Fe3O4 with different ratios. IONPs improve the three key factors of bone regeneration including stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors via magnetic fields. Magnetic scaffolds can enhance cell differentiation through magnetic-mechanical simulation [31]. IONPs can be used as delivery media for growth factors, drugs, and gene [32, 33]
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