Abstract
Polar lows are subsynoptic-scale cyclones that develop poleward of the main polar front over the ocean. Polar lows are the most intense variety of a general classification of polar mesoscale cyclones. They are typically less than 1000 km in scale and last for just 12–48 h, although they can have associated surface wind speeds of over 30 m s−1 (60 knots). Their scale and brief life cycle make them difficult to observe and forecast, therefore a genuine maritime hazard. Their role in the climate system and their outlook in a changing climate are topics of current research.
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