Abstract
Agricultural species are subjected to a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses, which are the main limitations to crop production. In this context, contamination by trace elements is characterized as an abiotic stress that represents an environmental problem. Due to the physical and chemical similarities between cadmium and zinc, these elements may interact in the environment and may cause antagonistic or synergistic effects. In this way, physiological mechanisms to exclude, detoxify or compartmentalize trace elements that are in excess are crucial for plant survival when exposed to high concentrations of these elements. In this way, the aim of this study was to understand the physiological responses of Phaseolus vulgaris plants subjected to increasing doses of Cd and Zn for 21 days in different soil, Cambisol and Latosol. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as SOD, CAT, and APX; hydrogen peroxide content; lipid peroxidation; chlorophyll index; photosynthetic rate; stomatal conductance; and transpiration were analysed. The data obtained showed a specific behaviour of Phaseolus vulgaris plants in each soil analysed. Moreover, it was observed that interactions between both elements resulted in a synergistic effect, negatively affecting all of the parameters analysed.
Highlights
Contamination by trace elements represents a global environmental problem that puts humans, animals and plants at risk
The present research demonstrated that Cd and Zn tends to accumulate in bean plants
Zinc and cadmium contents increased in shoots and roots, according to the increase of the Cd and Zn doses (Table 3)
Summary
Contamination by trace elements represents a global environmental problem that puts humans, animals and plants at risk These elements, when present at concentrations above optimum, change several metabolic functions that are fundamental to the growth and development of plants. In this way, there are alterations in cellular homeostasis by the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in different cellular compartments (Tkalec et al, 2014). When the activities of these antioxidant enzymes are not enough to reduce ROS production, oxidative stress tends to occur, generating oxidative damage, such as increased lipid peroxidation by the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide
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