Abstract
The propensity of sodium anode to form uniform electrodeposit is bound up with the nature of electrode surface and regulation of Naâion flux, as well as distribution of electronic field, which is quite crucial for highâarealâcapacity sodium metal batteries (SMBs). Herein, a novel metallic sodium/sodiumâtin alloy foil anode (Na/NaSn) with 3D interpenetrated network and porous structure is prepared through facile alloy reaction. The strong sodiophilic properties of sodiumâtin alloy can lower the nucleation energy, resulting in smaller depositing potential and strong adsorption of Na+, while synergistic effect of porous skeleton and additional potential difference (â0.1 V) between Na and NaâSn alloy (Na15Sn4) can alleviate volume expansion, redistribute the Naâion flux and regulate electronic field, which favors and improves homogeneous Na deposition. The asâfabricated Na/NaSn electrode can endow excellent plating/stripping reversibility at high areal capacity (over 1600 h for 4 mAh cmâ2 at 1 mA cmâ2 and 2 mAh cmâ2 at 2 mA cmâ2), fast electrochemical kinetics (500 h under 4 mAh cmâ2 at 4 mA cmâ2) and superior rate performances. A novel strategy in the design of highâperformance Na anodes for largeâscale energy storage is provided.
Published Version
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