Abstract
Meteorological information used for disaster prevention has developed rapidly in terms of both type and specificity. The latest forecasting models can predict weather with very high resolutions that can characterize disaster risk at the local level. However, this development can lead to an overdependency on the information and a wait-and-see attitude by the public. At the same time, residents share and use various types of information for disaster response, such as local conditions, in addition to official disaster information. Our research in Japan verified the practicality and efficiency of synergistically integrating these types of information by examining actual evacuation cases. The current numerical forecasting models sufficiently identify locality from the viewpoint of various administrative scales such as prefectures, municipalities, and school districts, but the improvements to these models have failed to improve residents’ judgment in successful evacuation cases. We therefore analyzed the relationship between meteorological information and residents’ disaster response and confirmed that they were strongly correlated and were contributing factors in preventing disasters. We revealed differences between a community’s disaster prevention culture and the disaster information provided. This led us to propose a new concept in community disaster prevention that we call the “disaster response switch,” which can serve as a data-driven risk management tool for communities when used in combination with advanced meteorological disaster information.
Highlights
As the increased sophistication of early warning systems shows, the use of various types of disaster information is a crucial facet of recent measures against wind and flood damage
This led us to propose a new concept in community disaster prevention that we call the ‘‘disaster response switch,’’ which can serve as a data-driven risk management tool for communities when used in combination with advanced meteorological disaster information
We focused on meteorological information, a type of disaster information that plays an especially important role in storm, flood, and landslide response, and we evaluated improvements in the spatial resolution of meteorological information
Summary
As the increased sophistication of early warning systems shows, the use of various types of disaster information is a crucial facet of recent measures against wind and flood damage. In Japan, a wide variety of disaster information has been generated under a basic structure in which public organizations transmit information (Japan Meteorological Agency 2018a), and residents receive and act on this information as appropriate. Such a system is not necessarily effective in actual disaster scenarios. Investigations of such successful cases often reveal effective judgments made by local residents (communityspecific judgment criteria)
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