Synchronous Generator Abnormality and Fault Analysis

Abstract

The trouble-free operation of alternators is unavoidable to meet the rising demand for electrical energy. Any alternator failure causes overloading of the remainder of the units in a grid, posing a serious threat to network stability. In a stand-alone generation, production is seriously affected. The repairs of large capacity alternators require a trained workforce, which is not always locally available. When an alternator operates under typical fault conditions, it reduces its efficiency and shortens its lifespan. The synchronous generator’s prolonged outage has an adverse impact on network reliability and impacts the economy. As a result, early detection of alternator anomalies significantly reduces fault extension, loss of supply, and maintenance costs, while also improving the alternator’s life. In many cases, the early fault detection scheme for higher capacity alternators cannot be readily applied to a lower capacity one. The article discusses some practical root cause analyses of the commonly occurring faults in turboalternators. The identification, characteristics, and analysis of multiple fault occurrences have been thoroughly addressed. This article would provide utility and protection engineers impetus in determining the urgency, selecting, and implementing the appropriate protective system for various abnormality events.