Abstract
Djulis is a functional grain containing prebiotic dietary fiber, which has an anti-cancer potential. This study examined the preventive effect of djulis alone or in combination with Lactobacillus acidophilus on colon carcinogenesis induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Rats were divided into five groups and fed B (AIN-93G, blank), C (AIN-93G, control), D (10% djulis), DLA (10% djulis plus 5 × 106 cfu L. acidophilus/g), and DHA (10% djulis plus 5 × 107 cfu L. acidophilus/g) diets, respectively. All rats except for those in group B received three doses of DMH (40 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection and 3% DSS in drinking water. After 10 weeks of feeding, the colon was analyzed for precancerous lesions and biomarkers. DMH and DSS treatment induced aberrant crypt foci (ACF), especially in the distal colon. D, DLA, and DHA significantly reduced the numbers of total ACF, sialomucin-producing ACF (SIM-ACF), and mucin-depleted foci (MDF) in the distal colon compared to C. Additionally, DLA and DHA further downregulated the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and regulated apoptosis-related proteins. These results suggest that synbiotic combination of djulis and L. acidophilus shows the best inhibitory effect on colon carcinogenesis via regulation of proliferative, inflammatory, and apoptotic pathways.
Highlights
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide [1]
Group doseofofL.L.acidophilus acidophilus (DHA) had a significantly higher fecal L. acidophilus acidophilus count than group C while the counts of fecal L. acidophilus were similar among groups C, count than group C while the counts of fecal L. acidophilus were similar among groups C, D, and doseofofL.L.acidophilus acidophilus (DLA)
The present study showed that dietary treatment with either djulis alone or in with L. acidophilus showed a preventive effect on DMH/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colon carcinogenesis in rats
Summary
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide [1]. Diet and lifestyle are closely associated with CRC. Previous studies pointed out that dietary pattern could significantly affect the risk of cancer [2]. A diet high in fat and low in dietary fiber, increases the risk of CRC [3]. The development of CRC is a multiple and long-term process, including initiation, promotion, progression, and invasion. Inflammation and oxidative stress may initiate and promote CRC development. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mediates inflammation and plays an important role in CRC
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