Symmetry of Macular Fundus Features in Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Abstract

The symmetry of major macular fundus features in both eyes of the same patient with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) was investigated using swept-source(SS)-OCT. Retrospective review of a prospective study. Patients with AMD. Grading was performed on the first SS-OCT images obtained on the patients. Two graders diagnosed the presence of drusen, geographic atrophy (GA), and exudative AMD (eAMD) in each eye. Medical records were reviewed to assess prior exudation. To assess symmetry, 1 eye of each patient was randomly selected as the index eye and compared with the fellow eye. The kappa statistic (κ) was used to assess the symmetry of diagnosis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess the symmetry of drusen area and volume. Interocular symmetry of the AMD stages: drusen, GA, and eAMD. A total of 1310 patients with AMD were included. The average age was 78 years (range, 50-102; 60% women). Of the 1310 subjects, 54% (701) presented with symmetric disease: 20% with bilateral drusen, 11% with bilateral GA, and 22% with bilateral eAMD. Only 0.5% of the subjects had both GA and eAMD in both eyes. Of the randomly selected index eyes, 825 (47%) were right eyes. Overall, limited interocular agreement was observed between the index and fellow eyes (54%; κ= 0.29). Kappa coefficients were poor (< 0.4) for index eyes diagnosed with drusen (κ= 0.27), eAMD (κ= 0.17), and mixed disease (κ= 0.03). There was moderate agreement between the index and fellow eyes for GA (κ= 0.50). Of the 265 patients with bilateral drusen, the symmetry of drusen area measurements had moderate ICC values of 0.70, 0.71, and 0.70 in the 3- and 5-mm diameter foveal-centered circles and in the total scan area, respectively. The ICC values for the drusen volumes were 0.65, 0.66, and 0.64, respectively. Interocular symmetry was poor for eyes with drusen, eAMD, and mixed disease, but moderate for GA. Although the diagnosis of drusen was not very symmetric between eyes, when present in both eyes, the drusen area and volume measurements were moderately symmetric. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.