Abstract
Two amphoteric iminium metabolites, symbioimine (1) and neosymbioimine (2), were isolated from a cultivated symbiotic marine dinoflagellate Symbiodinium sp. Compounds 1 and 2 have a characteristic 6,6,6-tricyclic iminium ring structure and an aryl sulfate moiety. The plausible biogenetic pathway of 1 and 2 can be explained by an intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction followed by imine cyclization. Symbioimine (1) inhibited the differentiation of RAW264 cells into osteoclasts (EC50 = 44 microM), and significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 activity at 10 microM. Thus, symbioimine is a potent anti-resorptive and anti-inflammatory drug.
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