Abstract
Swimming-induced pulmonary edema (SIPE) occurs because immersion redistributes blood centrally, which increases pulmonary capillary pressure and, at the same time, breathing with the lungs below the surface of the water creates continuous negative airway pressure.1-3 The pressure differential across the capillary-alveolar interface is further accentuated if there is preexisting hypertension or left heart disease, and by low water temperature, exertion, and drinking excess fluids before immersion.
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